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A very common approach to managing lactose intolerance symptoms is to avoid milk and dairy products. Although this can lead to calcium, phosphorus, vitamin D, and riboflavin (vitamin B2) deficiency, underpinning diseases such as osteoporosis and a decreased quality of life, which can lead to depression. Another very common approach is to ingest an exogenous lactase enzyme (β-galactosidase) prior to milk and dairy product consumption. However, the intake of lactose, sometimes, can be higher than what the exogenous enzyme is capable of digesting, leading to the appearance of uncomfortable symptoms; it may have a different taste; and it can be expensive over time.
A novel approach consists of using probiotics — live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Several studies have shown that probiotics can improve gut barrier function and host immune response. Probiotic microorganisms can produce antimicrobial molecules, thus counteracting infections caused by infectious agents. Probiotics can also produce vitamins, such as riboflavin, and food-degrading enzymes, such as lactase (i.e. -galactosidase), that can be helpful during digestion.
